HTML ISO-8859-1 Reference
ISO-8859-1
ISO-8859-1 was the default character in HTML 4.01.
ISO (The International Standards Organization) defines the standard character sets for different alphabets/languages.
The different variants of ISO-8859 are listed at the bottom of this page.
ISO-8859-1 Character Set
The first part of ISO-8859-1 (entity numbers from 0-127) is the original ASCII character-set. It contains numbers, upper and lowercase English letters, and some special characters.
For a closer look, please study our Complete ASCII Reference.
| Character | Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 - 31 | Control characters | ||
| 32 | space | ||
| ! | 33 | exclamation mark | |
| " | 34 | " | quotation mark |
| # | 35 | number sign | |
| $ | 36 | dollar sign | |
| % | 37 | percent sign | |
| & | 38 | & | ampersand |
| ' | 39 | apostrophe | |
| ( | 40 | left parenthesis | |
| ) | 41 | right parenthesis | |
| * | 42 | asterisk | |
| + | 43 | plus sign | |
| , | 44 | comma | |
| - | 45 | hyphen-minus | |
| . | 46 | full stop | |
| / | 47 | solidus | |
| 0 | 48 | digit zero | |
| 1 | 49 | digit one | |
| 2 | 50 | digit two | |
| 3 | 51 | digit three | |
| 4 | 52 | digit four | |
| 5 | 53 | digit five | |
| 6 | 54 | digit six | |
| 7 | 55 | digit seven | |
| 8 | 56 | digit eight | |
| 9 | 57 | digit nine | |
| : | 58 | colon | |
| ; | 59 | semicolon | |
| < | 60 | < | less-than sign |
| = | 61 | equals sign | |
| > | 62 | > | greater-than sign |
| ? | 63 | question mark | |
| @ | 64 | commercial at | |
| A | 65 | Latin capital letter A | |
| B | 66 | Latin capital letter B | |
| C | 67 | Latin capital letter C | |
| D | 68 | Latin capital letter D | |
| E | 69 | Latin capital letter E | |
| F | 70 | Latin capital letter F | |
| G | 71 | Latin capital letter G | |
| H | 72 | Latin capital letter H | |
| I | 73 | Latin capital letter I | |
| J | 74 | Latin capital letter J | |
| K | 75 | Latin capital letter K | |
| L | 76 | Latin capital letter L | |
| M | 77 | Latin capital letter M | |
| N | 78 | Latin capital letter N | |
| O | 79 | Latin capital letter O | |
| P | 80 | Latin capital letter P | |
| Q | 81 | Latin capital letter Q | |
| R | 82 | Latin capital letter R | |
| S | 83 | Latin capital letter S | |
| T | 84 | Latin capital letter T | |
| U | 85 | Latin capital letter U | |
| V | 86 | Latin capital letter V | |
| W | 87 | Latin capital letter W | |
| X | 88 | Latin capital letter X | |
| Y | 89 | Latin capital letter Y | |
| Z | 90 | Latin capital letter Z | |
| [ | 91 | left square bracket | |
| \ | 92 | reverse solidus | |
| ] | 93 | right square bracket | |
| ^ | 94 | circumflex accent | |
| _ | 95 | low line | |
| ` | 96 | grave accent | |
| a | 97 | Latin small letter a | |
| b | 98 | Latin small letter b | |
| c | 99 | Latin small letter c | |
| d | 100 | Latin small letter d | |
| e | 101 | Latin small letter e | |
| f | 102 | Latin small letter f | |
| g | 103 | Latin small letter g | |
| h | 104 | Latin small letter h | |
| i | 105 | Latin small letter i | |
| j | 106 | Latin small letter j | |
| k | 107 | Latin small letter k | |
| l | 108 | Latin small letter l | |
| m | 109 | Latin small letter m | |
| n | 110 | Latin small letter n | |
| o | 111 | Latin small letter o | |
| p | 112 | Latin small letter p | |
| q | 113 | Latin small letter q | |
| r | 114 | Latin small letter r | |
| s | 115 | Latin small letter s | |
| t | 116 | Latin small letter t | |
| u | 117 | Latin small letter u | |
| v | 118 | Latin small letter v | |
| w | 119 | Latin small letter w | |
| x | 120 | Latin small letter x | |
| y | 121 | Latin small letter y | |
| z | 122 | Latin small letter z | |
| { | 123 | left curly bracket | |
| | | 124 | vertical line | |
| } | 125 | right curly bracket | |
| ~ | 126 | tilde | |
| 127 | Control character |
ISO-8859-1 and Windows-1252
ISO-8859-1 is very similar to Windows-1252.
In ISO-8859-1, the characters from 128 to 159 are not defined.
In Windows-1252, the characters from 128 to 159 are used for some useful symbols.
For a closer look, please study our Complete ANSI (Windows-1252) Reference.
Since many web sites declare ISO-8859-1 and use the values from 128 to 159 as if they were using Windows-1252, most browsers will display these characters from the Windows-1252 character set instead of nothing.
| Character | Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| € | 128 | € | euro sign |
| 129 | NOT USED | ||
| ‚ | 130 | ‚ | single low-9 quotation mark |
| ƒ | 131 | ƒ | Latin small letter f with hook |
| „ | 132 | „ | double low-9 quotation mark |
| … | 133 | … | horizontal ellipsis |
| † | 134 | † | dagger |
| ‡ | 135 | ‡ | double dagger |
| ˆ | 136 | ˆ | modifier letter circumflex accent |
| ‰ | 137 | ‰ | per mille sign |
| Š | 138 | Š | Latin capital letter S with caron |
| ‹ | 139 | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quotation mark |
| Π| 140 | Π| Latin capital ligature OE |
| 141 | NOT USED | ||
| Ž | 142 | Ž | Latin capital letter Z with caron |
| 143 | NOT USED | ||
| 144 | NOT USED | ||
| ‘ | 145 | ‘ | left single quotation mark |
| ’ | 146 | ’ | right single quotation mark |
| “ | 147 | “ | left double quotation mark |
| ” | 148 | ” | right double quotation mark |
| • | 149 | • | bullet |
| – | 150 | – | en dash |
| — | 151 | — | em dash |
| ˜ | 152 | ˜ | small tilde |
| ™ | 153 | ™ | trade mark sign |
| š | 154 | š | Latin small letter s with caron |
| › | 155 | › | single right-pointing angle quotation mark |
| œ | 156 | œ | Latin small ligature oe |
| 157 | NOT USED | ||
| ž | 158 | ž | Latin small letter z with caron |
| Ÿ | 159 | Ÿ | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis |
ISO-8859-1 Symbols
The next part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 160-191) contains commonly used special characters.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|   | | non-breaking space | |
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent |
| £ | £ | £ | pound |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | currency |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen |
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | broken vertical bar |
| § | § | § | section |
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | spacing diaeresis |
| © | © | © | copyright |
| ª | ª | ª | feminine ordinal indicator |
| « | « | « | angle quotation mark (left) |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | negation |
| | ­ | ­ | soft hyphen |
| ® | ® | ® | registered trademark |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | spacing macron |
| ° | ° | ° | degree |
| ± | ± | ± | plus-or-minus |
| ² | ² | ² | superscript 2 |
| ³ | ³ | ³ | superscript 3 |
| ´ | ´ | ´ | spacing acute |
| µ | µ | µ | micro |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | paragraph |
| · | · | · | middle dot |
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | spacing cedilla |
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript 1 |
| º | º | º | masculine ordinal indicator |
| » | » | » | angle quotation mark (right) |
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | fraction 1/4 |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | fraction 1/2 |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | fraction 3/4 |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark |
ISO-8859-1 Characters
The higher part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 192-255, except 215 and 247) contains characters used in Western European countries.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| À | À | À | capital a, grave accent |
| Á | Á | Á | capital a, acute accent |
| Â | Â | Â | capital a, circumflex accent |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | capital a, tilde |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | capital a, umlaut mark |
| Å | Å | Å | capital a, ring |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | capital ae |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | capital c, cedilla |
| È | È | È | capital e, grave accent |
| É | É | É | capital e, acute accent |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | capital e, circumflex accent |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | capital e, umlaut mark |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | capital i, grave accent |
| Í | Í | Í | capital i, acute accent |
| Î | Î | Î | capital i, circumflex accent |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | capital i, umlaut mark |
| Ð | Ð | Ð | capital eth, Icelandic |
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | capital n, tilde |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | capital o, grave accent |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | capital o, acute accent |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | capital o, circumflex accent |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | capital o, tilde |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | capital o, umlaut mark |
| × | × | × | multiplication |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | capital o, slash |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | capital u, grave accent |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | capital u, acute accent |
| Û | Û | Û | capital u, circumflex accent |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | capital u, umlaut mark |
| Ý | Ý | Ý | capital y, acute accent |
| Þ | Þ | Þ | capital THORN, Icelandic |
| ß | ß | ß | small sharp s, German |
| à | à | à | small a, grave accent |
| á | á | á | small a, acute accent |
| â | â | â | small a, circumflex accent |
| ã | ã | ã | small a, tilde |
| ä | ä | ä | small a, umlaut mark |
| å | å | å | small a, ring |
| æ | æ | æ | small ae |
| ç | ç | ç | small c, cedilla |
| è | è | è | small e, grave accent |
| é | é | é | small e, acute accent |
| ê | ê | ê | small e, circumflex accent |
| ë | ë | ë | small e, umlaut mark |
| ì | ì | ì | small i, grave accent |
| í | í | í | small i, acute accent |
| î | î | î | small i, circumflex accent |
| ï | ï | ï | small i, umlaut mark |
| ð | ð | ð | small eth, Icelandic |
| ñ | ñ | ñ | small n, tilde |
| ò | ò | ò | small o, grave accent |
| ó | ó | ó | small o, acute accent |
| ô | ô | ô | small o, circumflex accent |
| õ | õ | õ | small o, tilde |
| ö | ö | ö | small o, umlaut mark |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | division |
| ø | ø | ø | small o, slash |
| ù | ù | ù | small u, grave accent |
| ú | ú | ú | small u, acute accent |
| û | û | û | small u, circumflex accent |
| ü | ü | ü | small u, umlaut mark |
| ý | ý | ý | small y, acute accent |
| þ | þ | þ | small thorn, Icelandic |
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | small y, umlaut mark |
Variants of ISO-8859
| Number | Description | Covers |
|---|---|---|
| 8859-1 | Latin 1 | North America, Western Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, Canada, Africa. |
| 8859-2 | Latin 2 | Eastern Europe. |
| 8859-3 | Latin 3 | SE Europe, Esperanto, miscellaneous others. |
| 8859-4 | Latin 4 | Scandinavia/Baltics (and others not in ISO-8859-1). |
| 8859-5 | Latin/Cyrillic | The Cyrillic alphabet. Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian and Macedonian. |
| 8859-6 | Latin/Arabic | The Arabic alphabet. |
| 8859-7 | Latin/Greek | The modern Greek alphabet and mathematical symbols derived from the Greek. |
| 8859-8 | Latin/Hebrew | The Hebrew alphabet. |
| 8859-9 | Latin/Turkish | The Turkish alphabet. Same as ISO-8859-1 except Turkish characters replace Icelandic. |
| 8859-10 | Latin/Nordic | Nordic alphabets. Lappish, Nordic, Eskimo. |
| 8859-15 | Latin 9 (Latin 0) | Similar to ISO-8859-1 but replaces some less common symbols with the euro sign and some other missing characters. |
| 2022-JP | Latin/Japanese 1 | The Japanese alphabet part 1. |
| 2022-JP-2 | Latin/Japanese 2 | The Japanese alphabet part 2. |
| 2022-KR | Latin/Korean 1 | The Korean alphabet. |