PHP File Open/Read/Close
In this chapter we will teach you how to open, read, and close a file on the server.
PHP Open File - fopen()
A better method to open files is with the fopen() function. This function
gives you more
options than the readfile() function.
We will use the text file, "webdictionary.txt", during the lessons:
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
CSS = Cascading Style Sheets
HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
PHP = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
SQL = Structured Query
Language
SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics
XML = EXtensible Markup Language
The first parameter of fopen() contains the name of the file to be opened
and the
second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be opened. The following example
also generates a message if the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file:
Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open
file!");
echo fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));
fclose($myfile);
?>
Run example »
Tip: The fread() and the fclose() functions will be
explained below.
The file may be opened in one of the following modes:
| Modes | Description |
|---|---|
| r | Open a file for read only. File pointer starts at the beginning of the file |
| w | Open a file for write only. Erases the contents of the file or creates a new file if it doesn't exist. File pointer starts at the beginning of the file |
| a | Open a file for write only. The existing data in file is preserved. File pointer starts at the end of the file. Creates a new file if the file doesn't exist |
| x | Creates a new file for write only. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists |
| r+ | Open a file for read/write. File pointer starts at the beginning of the file |
| w+ | Open a file for read/write. Erases the contents of the file or creates a new file if it doesn't exist. File pointer starts at the beginning of the file |
| a+ | Open a file for read/write. The existing data in file is preserved. File pointer starts at the end of the file. Creates a new file if the file doesn't exist |
| x+ | Creates a new file for read/write. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists |
PHP Read File - fread()
The fread() function reads from an open file.
The first parameter of fread() contains the name of the file to read from
and
the second parameter specifies the maximum number of bytes to read.
The following PHP code reads the "webdictionary.txt" file to the end:
fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));
PHP Close File - fclose()
The fclose() function is used to close an open file.
It's a good programming practice to close all files after you have finished with them. You don't want an open file running around on your server taking up resources!
The fclose() requires the name of the file (or a variable that holds the
filename) we want to close:
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r");
// some code to be executed....
fclose($myfile);
?>
PHP Read Single Line - fgets()
The fgets() function is used to read a single line from a file.
The example below outputs the first line of the "webdictionary.txt" file:
Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open
file!");
echo fgets($myfile);
fclose($myfile);
?>
Run example »
Note: After a call to the fgets() function, the file pointer has
moved to the next line.
PHP Check End-Of-File - feof()
The feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been
reached.
The feof() function is useful for looping through data of unknown length.
The example below reads the "webdictionary.txt" file line by line, until end-of-file is reached:
Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open
file!");
// Output one line until end-of-file
while(!feof($myfile)) {
echo
fgets($myfile) . "<br>";
}
fclose($myfile);
?>
Run example »
PHP Read Single Character - fgetc()
The fgetc() function is used to read a single character from a file.
The example below reads the "webdictionary.txt" file character by character, until end-of-file is reached:
Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open
file!");
// Output one character until end-of-file
while(!feof($myfile)) {
echo
fgetc($myfile);
}
fclose($myfile);
?>
Run example »
Note: After a call to the fgetc() function, the file pointer moves to
the next character.
Complete PHP Filesystem Reference
For a complete reference of filesystem functions, go to our complete PHP Filesystem Reference.