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IoT security challenges, Threats and Attacks
The large network of interconnected physical objects, or "things," that interact with other devices and systems over the internet to exchange data is known as the internet of things (IoT). IoT is often used as a general term to describe a highly-distributed network which includes connection with sensors and lightweight applications that are embedded into tools and devices, despite how it relates to the real devices. These are used for everything from smart plugs and electrical networks to linked automobiles and medical gadgets in order to communicate data with other devices, apps, and systems.
IoT Security!
The term "Internet of Things Security" refers to a wide range of strategies, devices, processes, frameworks, and techniques used to protect each component of the internet of things. Security of the hardware, software, data, and network connections in order to ensure the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of IoT ecosystems is all part of IoT security.
Because of the large number of vulnerabilities that have been identified in IoT systems, there are many security issues. All aspects of protection, like component hardening, monitoring, firmware updates, access control, threat response, and vulnerability remediation, are included in robust IoT security. IoT security is necessary since these systems are all over the place and open to attack, making them an extremely concentrated attack vector. By preventing unwanted access, IoT devices can be prevented from acting as a gateway to other areas of the network or leak confidential data.
Vulnerabilities in IoT security can be discovered in watches, smart home appliances, cars, and smart grids. Researchers found, for example, webcams that were easily breached to gain access to networks and smartwatches with security holes that let intruders to follow users around and listen in on their conversations.
Importance
IoT is considered to be one of the major security flaws that affects almost everyone, notably businesses, governments, and consumers. With all the benefits and convenience that come with IoT technologies, there are also equal risks. It is impossible to exaggerate the significance of IoT security given that these gadgets give hackers a large and open attack surface.
IoT security offers these vulnerable devices the necessary protections they need. It is well known that IoT system developers focus device functioning over security. This highlights how crucial Internet of Things security is and how users and IT teams should be in charge of putting protections in place.
Challenges of IoT Security
IoT devices were not created with security in consideration, as mentioned before. This creates a variety of IoT security issues that may have serious effects. There are not many rules or regulations governing IoT security, compared to other technological solutions. In addition, the majority of individuals are unaware of the risks that come with IoT systems. In addition, they are clueless about the complexity of IoT security issues. The following are a some of the various IoT security concerns:
- IoT devices are frequently used by people without the IT department knowledge. This implies that the IT staff is unable to adequately monitor or secure the devices because they are unaware of which ones are being used.
- As IoT devices come in so many different forms and sizes, it can be challenging to integrate them with security systems.
- IoT devices' software frequently has bugs and errors that make it simple for hackers to target them.
- The volume of data produced by IoT devices can be challenging to handle and secure.
- Before selling their IoT devices, many manufacturers fail to thoroughly inspect them for security flaws.
- Some IoT devices have unresolved issues that the manufacturers have yet to address. This might be the result of them not having created a repair yet or the difficulty consumers face in downloading and installing the update.
- IoT devices can be attacked by hackers in a few different ways, like by using the software that links them to other devices or networks.
- Many IoT devices have default passwords that are simple to find out or are not changed, which makes it simple for hackers to gain access.
Overcoming IoT Security Issues
To keep IoT devices safe, it is important to use a comprehensive approach. This means using different strategies and tools and considering how IoT devices connect to other systems, like networks.
Three important things for a strong IoT security plan are −
- Learning − Use security tools to understand what IoT devices are in use and what risks they pose.
- Protecting − Keep an eye on IoT devices and make sure they follow security rules.
- Segmenting − Divide IoT systems into groups based on their risks and rules, similar to how networks are divided.
Some specific steps needed to secure IoT devices include −
- Making sure APIs are secure
- Keeping track of all IoT devices
- Updating software regularly
- Filtering website addresses
- Teaching staff and partners about security
- Making sure data is encrypted
- Setting up fake systems to catch hackers
- Using more than one way to check if someone is who they say they are
- Keeping an eye on network traffic
- Managing passwords well
- Updating software when needed
- Using special devices to keep IoT systems safe
- Checking for any unauthorized IoT devices connected to the network
Best Practices
To keep IoT devices safe, you need to know what's connected to your network. This means using a tool that does three important things −
- It finds and identifies IoT devices on your network automatically and keeps doing it all the time.
- It keeps a list of all the devices connected to your network.
- It tells you how risky each device is by keeping an eye on how it could be attacked.
By following these tips and using the latest tools, you can keep track of all your devices, including IoT ones, and make sure they're safe.
IoT Attacks
Below are some attacks listed which can affect the security of IoT Security −
- DoS and DDoS Attacks − Attacks known as denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) overload networks or IoT devices with massive data, causing them to stop working.
- MITM Attacks − In Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, in order to steal or alter data, hackers listen in on communications between Internet of Things (IoT) devices or between a device and a network.
- Botnets − To take control of and use a large number of IoT devices to attack other targets, like websites, hackers corrupt them with malicious software.
- Phishing − With the use of fake emails or texts, hackers fool users into revealing personal information or installing malicious malware on Internet of Things devices.
- Physical Tampering − When hackers gain physical access to IoT devices and they can modify them also take data from them, or install malicious software.
- Brute Force Attacks − Hackers try lots of different passwords or codes to get access to the IoT devices or networks.
IoT Attack Surfaces
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has released a full draft list of IoT attack surface areas, or regions in IoT systems and applications where threats and vulnerabilities are possible, as part of its Internet of Things Project. An overview of the IoT attack surface areas can be seen below −
- Devices − Devices can serve as the main tool used to launch an attack. Device elements include memory, firmware, physical interface, web interface, and network services can all be sources of vulnerabilities. Among other things, outdated components, insecure update systems, and insecure default settings are all vulnerable to attack.
- Channels of communication − The networks that link IoT components to one another can be the source of attacks. IoT system protocols can contain security holes that impact the system as an entire. Also, well-known network attacks like spoofing and denial of service (DoS) can affect IoT systems.
- Software and Applications − Systems can become compromised because of vulnerabilities in web applications as well as software for Internet of Things devices. For example, malicious firmware upgrades or user passwords can be gained using web applications.
IoT Attacks vs IT Attacks
In general IoT attacks provide different challenges when compared to typical IT attacks, which needs special security solutions to fully protect against these threats.
- Attack surface − Many IoT devices are designed with low resources and processing power. As a result, they could lack security mechanisms to protect from attacks, allowing them more vulnerable than IT.
- Device diversity − IoT device types, operating systems, and network connection all vary significantly. As a result, standard security measures are more complex, allowing some targets more prone to attacks than others.
- Physical impact − IoT devices are commonly used in critical infrastructure or life-sustaining systems, such as medical devices, and an attack on them can have serious damage. As a result, most IT attacks are designed to steal data or affect services.
- Legacy devices − IoT devices typically have longer lifespans. Many older devices will continue to be in use and linked. Legacy devices can lack software upgrades or security solutions, leaving them more vulnerable.