- Digital Electronics - Home
- Digital Electronics Basics
- Types of Digital Systems
- Types of Signals
- Logic Levels And Pulse Waveforms
- Digital System Components
- Digital Logic Operations
- Digital Systems Advantages
- Number Systems
- Number Systems
- Binary Numbers Representation
- Binary Arithmetic
- Signed Binary Arithmetic
- Octal Arithmetic
- Hexadecimal Arithmetic
- Complement Arithmetic
- Base Conversions
- Base Conversions
- Binary to Decimal Conversion
- Decimal to Binary Conversion
- Binary to Octal Conversion
- Octal to Binary Conversion
- Octal to Decimal Conversion
- Decimal to Octal Conversion
- Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
- Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
- Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion
- Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
- Octal to Hexadecimal Conversion
- Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion
- Binary Codes
- Binary Codes
- 8421 BCD Code
- Excess-3 Code
- Gray Code
- ASCII Codes
- EBCDIC Code
- Code Conversion
- Error Detection & Correction Codes
- Logic Gates
- Logic Gates
- AND Gate
- OR Gate
- NOT Gate
- Universal Gates
- XOR Gate
- XNOR Gate
- CMOS Logic Gate
- OR Gate Using Diode Resistor Logic
- AND Gate vs OR Gate
- Two Level Logic Realization
- Threshold Logic
- Boolean Algebra
- Boolean Algebra
- Laws of Boolean Algebra
- Boolean Functions
- DeMorgan's Theorem
- SOP and POS Form
- POS to Standard POS Form
- Minimization Techniques
- K-Map Minimization
- Three Variable K-Map
- Four Variable K-Map
- Five Variable K-Map
- Six Variable K-Map
- Don't Care Condition
- Quine-McCluskey Method
- Min Terms and Max Terms
- Canonical and Standard Form
- Max Term Representation
- Simplification using Boolean Algebra
- Combinational Logic Circuits
- Digital Combinational Circuits
- Digital Arithmetic Circuits
- Multiplexers
- Multiplexer Design Procedure
- Mux Universal Gate
- 2-Variable Function Using 4:1 Mux
- 3-Variable Function Using 8:1 Mux
- Demultiplexers
- Mux vs Demux
- Parity Bit Generator and Checker
- Comparators
- Encoders
- Keyboard Encoders
- Priority Encoders
- Decoders
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- 7-Segment LED Display
- Code Converters
- Code Converters
- Binary to Decimal Converter
- Decimal to BCD Converter
- BCD to Decimal Converter
- Binary to Gray Code Converter
- Gray Code to Binary Converter
- BCD to Excess-3 Converter
- Excess-3 to BCD Converter
- Adders
- Half Adders
- Full Adders
- Serial Adders
- Parallel Adders
- Full Adder using Half Adder
- Half Adder vs Full Adder
- Full Adder with NAND Gates
- Half Adder with NAND Gates
- Binary Adder-Subtractor
- Subtractors
- Half Subtractors
- Full Subtractors
- Parallel Subtractors
- Full Subtractor using 2 Half Subtractors
- Half Subtractor using NAND Gates
- Sequential Logic Circuits
- Digital Sequential Circuits
- Clock Signal and Triggering
- Latches
- Shift Registers
- Shift Register Applications
- Binary Registers
- Bidirectional Shift Register
- Counters
- Binary Counters
- Non-binary Counter
- Design of Synchronous Counter
- Synchronous vs Asynchronous Counter
- Finite State Machines
- Algorithmic State Machines
- Flip Flops
- Flip-Flops
- Conversion of Flip-Flops
- D Flip-Flops
- JK Flip-Flops
- T Flip-Flops
- SR Flip-Flops
- Clocked SR Flip-Flop
- Unclocked SR Flip-Flop
- Clocked JK Flip-Flop
- JK to T Flip-Flop
- SR to JK Flip-Flop
- Triggering Methods:Flip-Flop
- Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop
- Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop
- Race-around Condition
- A/D and D/A Converters
- Analog-to-Digital Converter
- Digital-to-Analog Converter
- DAC and ADC ICs
- Realization of Logic Gates
- NOT Gate from NAND Gate
- OR Gate from NAND Gate
- AND Gate from NAND Gate
- NOR Gate from NAND Gate
- XOR Gate from NAND Gate
- XNOR Gate from NAND Gate
- NOT Gate from NOR Gate
- OR Gate from NOR Gate
- AND Gate from NOR Gate
- NAND Gate from NOR Gate
- XOR Gate from NOR Gate
- XNOR Gate from NOR Gate
- NAND/NOR Gate using CMOS
- Full Subtractor using NAND Gate
- AND Gate Using 2:1 MUX
- OR Gate Using 2:1 MUX
- NOT Gate Using 2:1 MUX
- Memory Devices
- Memory Devices
- RAM and ROM
- Cache Memory Design
- Programmable Logic Devices
- Programmable Logic Devices
- Programmable Logic Array
- Programmable Array Logic
- Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- Digital Electronics Families
- Digital Electronics Families
- CPU Architecture
- CPU Architecture
Types of Digital Systems
A system is defined as a group of various components interconnected together to perform a specific task. For example, a digital computer consists of several components such as monitor, CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, keyboard, mouse, printer, and more. All these components are connected together to accomplish certain tasks. Hence, a computer can be termed as a system.
We can broadly classify systems into the following two categories −
- Analog Systems
- Digital Systems
An analog system is a type of system that operates on continuous time signals, while a digital system is one that can work on discrete time signals.
Read this chapter to learn the basics of digital systems and their types.
What is a Digital System?
A type of electronic system that is designed to store, manipulate, and communicate digitally represented information is termed as a digital system. Some common examples of digital systems include smartphone, laptops, smartwatch, tablet, desktop computers, etc.
The working of a digital system is entirely based on digital signals or binary signals. Where, a digital signal is a type of signal that is represented as a discrete-elements. It can have two possible states namely high or low. The high state is denoted by the logic 1 and the low state is denoted by the logic 0.
In a digital system, if the state of the signal is logic 1, the system will be on, and if the state of the signal is 0, the system will be off.
Characteristics of Digital Systems
Today, digital systems are widely used in almost every aspect of life. This is because of their high reliability and efficiency. The following are some key characteristics of digital systems −
- Digital systems are relative less complex to implement as they use binary number system having only two digits to represent the state of a system.
- In digital systems, the information is represented in the form of a group of 0s and 1s i.e., bits. This is called binary or digital representation of information.
- Digital systems rely on digital signals having two well-defined discrete states. This makes digital systems more reliable and efficient in terms of processing, storage, and communication of information.
- Digital systems use logical mathematics and operations to perform computing tasks.
- Digital systems can be manufactured in the form of integrated circuits (ICs) of very small sizes.
- Digital systems can be easily programmed to perform repeated tasks that reduces human efforts and cost.
- Digital systems are highly immune to noise and distortions.
Types of Digital Systems
Digital systems can be classified based on various parameters. Here are some important types of digital systems that we commonly use in practice −
Combinational Digital Systems
A combinational logic circuit or system is a type of digital circuit that performs logical operations and produces output depending on the present inputs. Hence, the output of a combinational digital circuit does not depend on the past inputs and outputs of the system.
Example − The common examples of combinational digital systems are binary adders, subtractors, logic gates, multiplexers, demultiplexers, etc.
Sequential Digital Systems
A type of digital system that has a memory element to store past history of the system operation is called a sequential digital system. Therefore, the output of a digital system depends on both present inputs and past outputs of the system.
Example of sequential digital systems are flip-flops, registers, memory devices, counters, etc.
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)
A programmable logic device is one that can be programmed to perform a specific task automatically.
Example of programmable logic devices are microcontrollers, PLCs, etc.
Digital Communication Systems
A digital communication system is a type of digital system used for transmission and reception of information in the form of digital signals.
Example of digital communication systems are internet, intranet, mobile communication system, Wi-Fi, etc.
Digital Control Systems
A digital control system is a computerized control system used to monitor and regulate the behavior of a dynamic system.
Example − Digital control systems are extensively used in robotics, industrial automation, etc.
Conclusion
In conclusion, digital systems are modern systems known for their high speed and reliability. A digital system utilizes digital signals to store, process, and communicate the information.
In this chapter, we explained the basics of digital systems and their types. Traverse to the next chapter to learn all about the types of signals used in the field of electronics engineering.