
- Electrical Machines - Home
- Basic Concepts
- Electromechanical Energy Conversion
- Energy Stored in Magnetic Field
- Singly-Excited and Doubly Excited Systems
- Rotating Electrical Machines
- Electrical Machines Types
- Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Concept of Induced EMF
- Fleming's Left Hand and Right Hand Rules
- Transformers
- Electrical Transformer
- Construction of Transformer
- EMF Equation of Transformer
- Turns Ratio and Voltage Transformation Ratio
- Ideal Transformer
- Practical Transformer
- Ideal and Practical Transformers
- Transformer on DC
- Losses in a Transformer
- Efficiency of Transformer
- 3-Phase Transformer
- Types of Transformers
- More on Transformers
- Transformer Working Principle
- Single-Phase Transformer Working Principle
- 3-Phase Transformer Principle
- 3-Phase Induction Motor Torque-Slip
- 3-Phase Induction Motor Torque-Speed
- 3-Phase Transformer Harmonics
- Double-Star Connection (3-6 Phase)
- Double-delta Connection (3-6 Phase)
- Transformer Ratios
- Voltage Regulation
- Delta-Star Connection (3-Phase)
- Star-Delta Connection (3-Phase)
- Autotransformer Conversion
- Back-to-back Test (Sumpner's Test)
- Transformer Voltage Drop
- Autotransformer Output
- Open and Short Circuit Test
- 3-Phase Autotransformer
- Star-Star Connection
- 6-Phase Diametrical Connections
- Circuit Test (Three-Winding)
- Potential Transformer
- Transformers Parallel Operation
- Open Delta (V-V) Connection
- Autotransformer
- Current Transformer
- No-Load Current Wave
- Transformer Inrush Current
- Transformer Vector Groups
- 3 to 12-Phase Transformers
- Scott-T Transformer Connection
- Transformer kVA Rating
- Three-Winding Transformer
- Delta-Delta Connection Transformer
- Transformer DC Supply Issue
- Equivalent Circuit Transformer
- Simplified Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
- Transformer No-Load Condition
- Transformer Load Condition
- OTI WTI Transformer
- CVT Transformer
- Isolation vs Regular Transformer
- Dry vs Oil-Filled
- DC Machines
- Construction of DC Machines
- Types of DC Machines
- Working Principle of DC Generator
- EMF Equation of DC Generator
- Derivation of EMF Equation DC Generator
- Types of DC Generators
- Working Principle of DC Motor
- Back EMF in DC Motor
- Types of DC Motors
- Losses in DC Machines
- Applications of DC Machines
- More on DC Machines
- DC Generator
- DC Generator Armature Reaction
- DC Generator Commutator Action
- Stepper vs DC Motors
- DC Shunt Generators Critical Resistance
- DC Machines Commutation
- DC Motor Characteristics
- Synchronous Generator Working Principle
- DC Generator Characteristics
- DC Generator Demagnetizing & Cross-Magnetizing
- DC Motor Voltage & Power Equations
- DC Generator Efficiency
- Electric Breaking of DC Motors
- DC Motor Efficiency
- Four Quadrant Operation of DC Motors
- Open Circuit Characteristics of DC Generators
- Voltage Build-Up in Self-Excited DC Generators
- Types of Armature Winding in DC Machines
- Torque in DC Motors
- Swinburne’s Test of DC Machine
- Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor
- Speed Control of DC Series Motor
- DC Motor of Speed Regulation
- Hopkinson's Test
- Permanent Magnet DC Motor
- Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor
- DC Servo Motor Theory
- DC Series vs Shunt Motor
- BLDC Motor vs PMSM Motor
- Induction Motors
- Introduction to Induction Motor
- Single-Phase Induction Motor
- 3-Phase Induction Motor
- Construction of 3-Phase Induction Motor
- 3-Phase Induction Motor on Load
- Characteristics of 3-Phase Induction Motor
- Speed Regulation and Speed Control
- Methods of Starting 3-Phase Induction Motors
- More on Induction Motors
- 3-Phase Induction Motor Working Principle
- 3-Phase Induction Motor Rotor Parameters
- Double Cage Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit
- Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Models
- Slip Ring vs Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
- Single-Cage vs Double-Cage Induction Motor
- Induction Motor Equivalent Circuits
- Induction Motor Crawling & Cogging
- Induction Motor Blocked Rotor Test
- Induction Motor Circle Diagram
- 3-Phase Induction Motors Applications
- 3-Phase Induction Motors Torque Ratios
- Induction Motors Power Flow Diagram & Losses
- Determining Induction Motor Efficiency
- Induction Motor Speed Control by Pole-Amplitude Modulation
- Induction Motor Inverted or Rotor Fed
- High Torque Cage Motors
- Double-Cage Induction Motor Torque-Slip Characteristics
- 3-Phase Induction Motors Starting Torque
- 3-phase Induction Motor - Rotor Resistance Starter
- 3-phase Induction Motor Running Torque
- 3-Phase Induction Motor - Rotating Magnetic Field
- Isolated Induction Generator
- Capacitor-Start Induction Motor
- Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Induction Motor
- Winding EMFs in 3-Phase Induction Motors
- Split-Phase Induction Motor
- Shaded Pole Induction Motor
- Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor
- Repulsion Induction Motor
- PSC Induction Motor
- Single-Phase Induction Motor Performance Analysis
- Linear Induction Motor
- Single-Phase Induction Motor Testing
- 3-Phase Induction Motor Fault Types
- Synchronous Machines
- Introduction to 3-Phase Synchronous Machines
- Construction of Synchronous Machine
- Working of 3-Phase Alternator
- Armature Reaction in Synchronous Machines
- Output Power of 3-Phase Alternator
- Losses and Efficiency of an Alternator
- Losses and Efficiency of 3-Phase Alternator
- Working of 3-Phase Synchronous Motor
- Equivalent Circuit and Power Factor of Synchronous Motor
- Power Developed by Synchronous Motor
- More on Synchronous Machines
- AC Motor Types
- Induction Generator (Asynchronous Generator)
- Synchronous Speed Slip of 3-Phase Induction Motor
- Armature Reaction in Alternator at Leading Power Factor
- Armature Reaction in Alternator at Lagging Power Factor
- Stationary Armature vs Rotating Field Alternator Advantages
- Synchronous Impedance Method for Voltage Regulation
- Saturated & Unsaturated Synchronous Reactance
- Synchronous Reactance & Impedance
- Significance of Short Circuit Ratio in Alternator
- Hunting Effect Alternator
- Hydrogen Cooling in Synchronous Generators
- Excitation System of Synchronous Machine
- Equivalent Circuit Phasor Diagram of Synchronous Generator
- EMF Equation of Synchronous Generator
- Cooling Methods for Synchronous Generators
- Assumptions in Synchronous Impedance Method
- Armature Reaction at Unity Power Factor
- Voltage Regulation of Alternator
- Synchronous Generator with Infinite Bus Operation
- Zero Power Factor of Synchronous Generator
- Short Circuit Ratio Calculation of Synchronous Machines
- Speed-Frequency Relationship in Alternator
- Pitch Factor in Alternator
- Max Reactive Power in Synchronous Generators
- Power Flow Equations for Synchronous Generator
- Potier Triangle for Voltage Regulation in Alternators
- Parallel Operation of Alternators
- Load Sharing in Parallel Alternators
- Slip Test on Synchronous Machine
- Constant Flux Linkage Theorem
- Blondel's Two Reaction Theory
- Synchronous Machine Oscillations
- Ampere Turn Method for Voltage Regulation
- Salient Pole Synchronous Machine Theory
- Synchronization by Synchroscope
- Synchronization by Synchronizing Lamp Method
- Sudden Short Circuit in 3-Phase Alternator
- Short Circuit Transient in Synchronous Machines
- Power-Angle of Salient Pole Machines
- Prime-Mover Governor Characteristics
- Power Input of Synchronous Generator
- Power Output of Synchronous Generator
- Power Developed by Salient Pole Motor
- Phasor Diagrams of Cylindrical Rotor Moto
- Synchronous Motor Excitation Voltage Determination
- Hunting Synchronous Motor
- Self-Starting Synchronous Motor
- Unidirectional Torque Production in Synchronous Motor
- Effect of Load Change on Synchronous Motor
- Field Excitation Effect on Synchronous Motor
- Output Power of Synchronous Motor
- Input Power of Synchronous Motor
- V Curves & Inverted V Curves of Synchronous Motor
- Torque in Synchronous Motor
- Construction of 3-Phase Synchronous Motor
- Synchronous Motor
- Synchronous Condenser
- Power Flow in Synchronous Motor
- Types of Faults in Alternator
- Miscellaneous Topics
- Electrical Generator
- Determining Electric Motor Load
- Solid State Motor Starters
- Characteristics of Single-Phase Motor
- Types of AC Generators
- Three-Point Starter
- Four-Point Starter
- Ward Leonard Speed Control Method
- Pole Changing Method
- Stator Voltage Control Method
- DOL Starter
- Star-Delta Starter
- Hysteresis Motor
- 2-Phase & 3-Phase AC Servo Motors
- Repulsion Motor
- Reluctance Motor
- Stepper Motor
- PCB Motor
- Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
- Schrage Motor
- Hybrid Schrage Motor
- Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
- Universal Motor
- Step Angle in Stepper Motor
- Stepper Motor Torque-Pulse Rate Characteristics
- Distribution Factor
- Electrical Machines Basic Terms
- Synchronizing Torque Coefficient
- Synchronizing Power Coefficient
- Metadyne
- Motor Soft Starter
- CVT vs PT
- Metering CT vs Protection CT
- Stator and Rotor in Electrical Machines
- Electric Motor Winding
- Electric Motor
- Useful Resources
- Quick Guide
- Resources
- Discussion
Applications of DC Machines
At present, a large amount of electrical energy is generated in the form of alternating current. Consequently, the use of DC machines (motors or generators) has become limited. However, dc machines are still used in several applications like for supplying excitation systems of alternators, in electrolytic processes, welding processes, etc.
Applications of DC Generators
There are different types of DC generators are available for the various types of applications. The applications of various types of DC generators based on their characteristics are as follows −
Separately Excited DC Generators
A separately excited DC generator requires an independent external DC source for the excitation of field winding. Thus, it is expensive and being rarely used. Following are some application of separately excited DC generators −
- These are able to produce a wide range of voltage output, they are primarily used in laboratory and commercial testing.
- These are used in speed regulation tests.
- These generators operate in a stable condition with any change in field excitation. Therefore, they are also used in supplying power to the DC motors, whose speed being to be controlled.
Series DC Generators
A series DC generator has limited applications. Some of the applications of a series DC generator are as follows
- The rising characteristics of a series DC generator makes it suitable for voltage boosting applications in the feeders in the various types of distribution systems.
- A series DC generator has the tendency to supply constant load current. Hence, several series generators can be connected in series to provide high voltage DC power transmission at constant load current.
- The series DC generators are also used in supplying field excitation current in DC locomotives for regenerative breaking.
- The series generators also find applications in series arc lightening.
Shunt DC Generators
A shunt DC generator produces constant terminal voltage for small distance operations. Therefore, these are used in following applications
- They are used for battery charging applications.
- Shunt DC generators with field regulators are used for lighting and power supply purposes.
- Use for giving excitation to the alternators.
Compound DC Generators
The compound DC generators are used in following applications
- The over compounded generators have ability to compensate voltage drop in the transmission lines and tends to maintain constant voltage at the consumer's end. Therefore, the over compounded generators are used in supplying loads through long transmission lines.
- Cumulative compound generators are used for supplying power to DC motors.
- Cumulative compound generators are used for lighting, power supply purposes and for heavy power services, etc.
- The differential compound generators are used for arc welding purposes where a large voltage drop and constant current is required.
Applications of DC Motors
The applications of different types of DC motors are given below −
Series DC Motor
- Series DC motors are used in applications where high starting torque is required.
- Series DC motors are used in cranes and hoists.
- Series DC motors are used in electric tractions.
- They are used in air compressors.
- They are also used in vacuum cleaners.
- Series DC motors are also used in sewing machines, etc.
Shunt DC Motor
- Shunt DC motors are used in applications that require constant speed.
- Shunt DC motors are used for driving lathe machines.
- These are also used in centrifugal pumps and blowers.
- These are used in fans, conveyors, and spinning machines.
- These DC motors are also used in lifts.
Compound DC Motor
- Compound DC motors are used in those applications which require high starting torque and constant speed.
- Used in printing presses.
- They are also used in shears.
- They are used in elevators and lifts.
- Compound DC motors are also used in rolling mills and heavy planners, etc.